Artificial casing



Dec. 27, 1949 F. H. REICHEL I ARTIFICIAL CASING Original.Filed June 24, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet-l cg nvmvmn. firm/v inc/7Z2 By 773250, flaw 915mm flTTOE/Vf/ Dec. 27, 1949 F. H. REICHEL I 2,492,441

ARTIFICIAL CASING Original Filed June 24, 1941 2 Sheet-Sheet 2 N I Q o 0 Q I S I Q Q x a Q o 0 mmwoa.

Patented Dec. 27, 1949 ARTIFICIAL CASING Frank H. ltelchel, Fredericksburg, Va., assignor, by mesne assignments, to American Viscose Corporation, Wilmington, DeL, a corporation of Delaware Original application June 24, 1941, Serial No. 399.560. Divided and this application June 7, 1946, Serial No. 675,170

14 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to flexible tub ing for use as a container for stuffed products. for

example sausage.

Artificial sausage casings as heretofore made of cellulose hydrate are characterized by shrinking a substantial amount while drying from a water-wet condition to an air-dry condition whereby the casing adheres closely to the encased food product and maintains the food product in a compacted condition and thereby presents an attractive appearance at all times. In order to preserve the high shrinkage characteristics of such cellulose hydrate casings, it has been thought necessary heretofore to cause these casings to be stretched a substantial amount during stufmg by the stufilng pressure. The cellulose the packer, he would wet them in water, and

while in the wet condition, a casing would be slipped or shin-ed over the stufling horn of a stufiing machine and'the meat or other food.

product would be forced into the casing to fill and also to expand the casing to the size desired by the packer. The expansion of the casing to the desired size by the food product required relatively high pressure, which was conducive to fatigue on the part of the stufling machine operator who was required to hold the casing tightly around the stufling horn and against the pressure exerted by the food product. It was also necessary for the stlrlfer to exercise; considerable skill while the casing was being expanded such a large amount to estimate when the casing was expanded to the proper size and to stuff the casing so that it was expanded to a substantially uniform size along its length. It was frequently impossible to obtain a uniform size along the length of the stuifed casing because of inevitable variations in the stuifing pressures due to manual control of the stufllng machine and because of ight variations in the wall strength of the casng being amplified in their efiect by the high stufling pressure. The above mentioned chameteristics of prior casings greatly reduced the speed of production of the stuiied products.

unsightly because of variation in size and shape along the casing, particularly at the ends of the sausage or the like, in spite of all of the care that could be exercised by the machine operator, and considerable loss occasionally resulted due to bursting of the casings which had not been previously tested.

Casings, such as artificial sausage casings, are frequently provided with printing for the purpose of identifying the stuffed product and its manufacturer and the printed matter frequently includes designs, trade-marks and the like. Since such casings are usually printed while in a substantially dry state, the printing on the finished product is usually distorted because of the high degree of expansion which the casing undergoes during stuffing. Attempts have been made to compensate for this distortion by varying the shape of the indicia and/ or configurations at the time of printing so that the same would assume a normal shape after stufiing. This has not been satisfactory due to inability to accurately shape the indicia and/or configurations so that they would assume normal shapes after stufiing and dilution of the color and/ or opacity of the printing caused by stretching of the casing.

It is a general object of the present invention to provide a tubing, more particularly a sausage casing, which will overcome all of the foregoing difliculties.

A.more specific object of the invention is to provide a tubing,'more particularly a casing for stuiied products, which will require only a relatively slight expansion under the filling pressure during stufling.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a tubing, more particularly a casing, which has been tested to a pressure in excess of the pressure which will be reached during stuf- It is another more specific object of the present invention to provide a tubing, more particularly a casing for stuffed products, which can be stuifed dry by pouring the stuffing material'into the casing without expanding the casing.

It is still a further specific object of the present invention to provide a process of producing Moreover, the flnished product was frequently as printed tubing, more particularly casings for stuffed food products, which can be printed in regular manner with no allowance for distortion and which can be used to produce finished stuffed products on which the printing will not be distorted.

Other objects and advantages, if not specifically pointed out, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed descrip tion of what are now considered the preferred embodiments of the invention.

The process of the present invention in genera comprises expanding by application of an internal pressure a tubing formed of a film-forming, non-fibrous, shrinkable material, in particular a. film-forming cellulosic material, while in a wet state to a predetermined diameter which is at least equal to or preferably greater than the diameter to which the casing will be expanded later during stuffing with the usual apparatus and in accordance with usual stufi'ing operations. By expanding the casing in the wet state to a diameter greater than that to which the casing will be expanded during stuffing, the casing will be tested during manufacture and thereby the possibility of failure during stufiing will be decreased. The tubing is then dried while maintained in an expanded state and following the drying it is cut in any suitable manner into the desired lengths for stufiing. When the lengths of the tubing are to be stufied they are placed in a suitable wetting agent, for example water for sufficient time prior to stuffing to permit them to become thoroughly wet. During the wetting operation, the tubing assumes the proper size for stufling and when the stuffing operator thereafter stuffs the food product into the casing it will be necessary for the stufiing machine to exert sufiicient pressure only on the stufiing material to pack the material firmly within the casing and expand the casing the small amount required for the elasticity of the casing to maintain the stufied product in proper shape free from bulges and wrinkles. This low pressure will also expand the casing the easily controlled amount necessary to bring the casing to the desired stuffed size.

The term wet state as used throughout this specification and the claims means a state in which the tubing contains sufi'lcient moisture to enable it to be stretched by the application of an internal pressure. The wet state may be due to the tubing never having been dried following formation or may be obtained by rewetting a tubing which has been previously dried. The rewetting may be accomplished by merely soaking the tubing in a liquid which wets the tubing material. For example, when the tubing material is cellulose hydrate the tubing may be merely soaked in water and thereby wet sufiiciently to be stretched or, if desired, the tubing may be soaked in a substance which brings about a more pronounced swelling and softening, for example a zinc chloride solution or some other well known softening agent for cellulose hydrate.

When the casing is stuffed dry, the wet stufllng material is stuffed into a casing, having the lower end suitably closed, from a suitable vessel or nozzle until the casing is filled with the proper quantity of material. The open end of the casing is then closed as by tying, clipping or the like in known manner and the filled casing is set aside or hung up for a brief period. The moisture in the stuffing material quickly wets the casing and causes it to shrink and tightly encase the stufling material.

Following the stuffing operations, the stuffed foodv product is suitably processed in known manner to cook, cure and otherwise finish the stuffed product.

The invention accordingly comprises the several steps and relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the article possessing the features, properties and the relation of elements, which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.

For a more detailed description of the invention reference is made to the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings; in which,

Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates one form of apparatus capable of use to carry out the process of the present invention;

Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates an apparatus capable of carrying out a modification of the process; and

Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates an apparatus capable of carrying out another modification of the process.

The film-forming, non-fibrous, shrinkable materials asa group may be empl 'ed in making the tubing used in the practice of the present invention and the following examples are given only by way of illustrating some members of this group which have been found most suitable: hydrophillic colloids such as cellulose hydrate, alkalLsoluble cellulose ethers, gelatine. casein and the like; also synthetic resins, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose ether-esters, cellulose mixed esters and the like and mixtures of these substances. The cellulose hydrate can be produced by regeneration from viscose, by the deesterification of cellulose esters or by coagulation of cellulose from its solutions in organic and inorganic solvents such, for example, as tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxides, zinc chloride, alkali metal perchlorates, sulfuric acid and the like. Because of its superior strength, there is preferably employed tubing comprising cellulose hydrate obtained by the denitration of nitrocellulose, the expansion treatment hereinafter described being carried out after the denitration of the tubing and while it is in a wet state. When the tubing is made from viscose, the expansion thereof, according to this invention, is carried out after the regeneration of the cellulose hydrate, but while it is in the wet state.

It is to be understood that all expansion of the casing according to the present invention is independent of and distinct from any stretching to which the casing may have been subjected prior to denitration or prior to regeneration as the case may be, for example, as disclosed in United States Patent No. 2,176,925. Any stretching of the tubing which is carried out before denitration or regeneration does not accomplish the novel results produced by expanding the tubing after denitration or regeneration in accordance with the present invention.

The tubing may be plasticized in any desired manner, as, for example, by passing the tubing continuously through a bath containing a suitable plasticizing solution. Suitable plasticizers are determined by the material of the tubing and plasticizers for all of the tubing material substances heretofore named are well known to those skilled in the art. When the tubing is formed of a cellulosic material, for example cellulose hydrate, the plasticizer may be an aqueous solution of glycerine, a glycol, sorbitol or the like.

The tubing which is to be expanded in accordance with the present invention may be produced in any well known manner, but preferably the tubing is produced as described in said United States Patent No. 2,176,925.

One form of apparatus capable of use in carrying out the process of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 and comprises a pair of positively driven pinch rollers H which are sultably urged toward each other under adjustable together under a suitable pressure in the same or similar manner as the pinch rollers H so as to seal the tubing passing therethrough. The sets of pinch rollers are provided with suitable devices or known type to raise the upper roller 01 either pair to permit the insertion oi a hose, nozzle or the like in the open end oi the casing to fill and expand that portion of thecasing which extends between the pinch rollers H and ill-I with a body of fluid such as air or some other gas. By wrapping the open end of the casing about the nozzle and holdlngit tightly the operator can impose the desired pressure on the casing to expand the casing to the desired diameter as shown at ii. The operator then lowexample. sausage casings, and is printed i! desired. The printing may be done while the tubing is in a continuous length if desired butsuch casings are usually printed in shorter lengths.

The printing is done on any suitable type of press with an ink which adheres to the tubin in the presence of liquid moisture and also during cooking, curing and the like. Such inks are well known items oi commerce and do not, within themselveaiorm a part oi the present invention and for that reason will not be described in detail. Subsequent to printing the-casings are sultably packaged and forwarded to stuii'ers, who

then eitherwet the casing preparatory to stuiilng it or stuii it in the dry condition.

When the casings are to be wet prior to stumng they are usually tied at one end and then soaked in water or some liquid which wets the casing material. The casings will then shrink when the stresses set in the casing by drying while in-an' expanded condition are relieved. The amount which the casing shrinks is determined by the magnitude of the predetermined diameter to which the casing was expanded in the drier. and

ers the upper roller into contactwith the tubing so as to pinch the tubing between the rollers and seal it against leakage of the fluid and withdraws the rewet diameter will be Just sumciently smaller than the-diameter to which the casing is to be a stuff ed to enable the casing to exert the necesthe nozzle from the tubing. The casing is passed" while expanded through a suitable drier hous ing I 4 which may be supplied with a suitable heating medium, for example, hot air, through a. conduit is. The air may be suitably discharged from the housing I, by the conduit I! which re- I turns the air for reheating or exhausts it to the atmosphere. r

The predetermined diameter i! to which the casing is expanded is ascertained bytrial and is selected so ,that the casing, after drying and rewetting, will have a circumference smaller than the circumference to which it will be stuiled. The diflference between the rewetted circumference and the circumference immediately after stufling is made as small as possible, having regard for the wall thickness 0! the casing and the physical characteristics of the material from which it is as it passes between the rollers 6-0 and Ill-i0,

it may be necessary to drive the pinch rollers 6-6 at a greater peripheral speed than the pinch rollers iii-40 are driven to compensate for the loss in length due to the increase in diameter. As the expanded tubing passes through the drier housing It, the moisture will be evaporated, and as it comes from the drier, it will contain the desired amount or moisture for a so-called "dry" casing, which is usually between 4 and 12 per cent, depending to some extent on the climatic conditions under which the tubing is to be stored sary pressure upon the material stufled into the casing to hold the material firmly in position and prevent bulging and wrinkling oi the casing. The rewet casing is then slipped or shirred over the stumng horn oi a stu'fling machine and is held tightly about the horn by one hand of the operator. The operator then starts the stumng machine to fill-the productinto the casing.. The

product, such as sausage meat, is ejected from the machine under pressure and is forced-into the casing to fill the same and expand the casing the small amount only which is necessary to insure that the casing closely conforms to the prod uct introduced into the casing without wrinkles or bulges. When the end of the casing is reached, the operator stops the flow of the product from the stuii'er and twists the casing to close the open end. While holding the twisted end of the casing. the operator then ties the open end or clips it in accordance with usual procedure to close the .casing. The stuffed food product is then passed for further smoking and curing operations in accordance with well known practices.

The process of the present invention makes .it possible to form large sized dried tubing for use as artificial sausage casings and the like which can -be expanded with a minimum of eflort and with a maximum of speed to produce stuffed products of excellent quality.

The small amount which it is necessary for the sausage meat toexpand the casing in accordance with the present invention relieves the operator of the effort heretofore required to hold the easing against a high pressure. For example, while stufling prior art casings it has frequently been necessary to expand the casing in excess of 40 per cent. During stufling oi the casing of the present invention an expansion of 8 to 25 per cent is all that is required to maintain the casing in tight contact with the casing filling at all times.

This light expanding pressure is suflicient, however, to properly round out the filled casingsand maintain them in the proper shape during curing and cooking.

Although this casing shrinks when rewet. ail printing carried by the casing is iformed oi ink of the type previously described which is fully capable of contracting with the casing without 7 becoming dislodged therefrom or being otherwise deleteriously aiiected. When the present casing is a ain expanded during stuillng the printing expands with the casing and again assume s itsnormai shape, free from distortion and dilution of color depth which occurs in, prior art casings when the ink figures and configurations are expanded to a greater size than their normal size during stumng. In contrast to such prior printed casings. the stuffed printed casing of the present invention has the appearance of having been The circumference of the dried casing as it came from between the rollers l0--l0 was inches. The dried tubing was then cut into individual lengths substantially inches long.

Prior to stufflng the casings formed as described above, they were soaked in water for approximately 15 minutes during which time they shrank o a circumference'of 12 inches. While in the printed after stui'llng and the value of the wet, shrunken condition, the casings were slipped product is thereby enhanced.

when the casing is stuffed while dry, one end of each of the dry casings as received by the stufier is closed as by tying or clipping and the material to be filled in to the casing is merely poured in from. a suitable container or from a suitable spigot, nozzle or the like while at atmospheric pressure. when the dry casing is thus filled in the same manner as one would pour any product into an open bag or the like, the

upper end is closed as by gatheringthe casing v and tying it or clipping it, and the stuffed casing is set aside for a short period. During this period the moisture within the filling material wets the casing and causes it to shrink in the same man-- ner that the casing shrank when rewet prior to stuiiing. The shrinkage of the casing while stuffed causes the casing to compact the filling material and forces it into a compact, shapely increase the depth of color and/or opacity of the printing instead of diluting it. This is to be distinguished from the extreme dilution which normally took place when a casing was expanded as much as 40 per cent from the size that it had when printed by prior art practices. It can thus be seen that the stufiing process is greatly simplified by the use of this modification of the present invention to the extent where expensive stufiing equipment may be entirely dispensed with. The only facility required to stuff casings of the present invention while dry is some means for pouring the stufiing material into the casing. Simplification of the formerly relatively complicated stuiling process in this manner has increased the output capacity per operator, has reduced the skill required to be exercised by the operator and has entirely eliminated the expensive 1 equipment required'to produce stuffed products heretofore.

By way of explanation of the invention and not in limitation thereof, the following examples of operation in accordance with the process will be iven:

Example I I A tubing, formed of denitrated cellulose nitrate in accordance with the disclosure of Patent No. 2,176,925 and plasticized with an aqueous solution of glycerine in any suitable manner and having a circumference of 10% inches, was passed between the rollers 0-6 and l0-l0 and inflated with air to expand it to a circumference of 16 inches, measured just within the entrance end or shirred over the horn of a well known type Example II The tub)ig produced as previously described was cut into individual lengths bu instead of being soaked in water each length ofstubing was closed at one.end and a wet mixturebt-sau sage meat was poured into the casing to fill it to a point about three inches below the top, and the top was then gathered and tied in the usual manner. The moisture from the sausage meat mixture wet the casing and caused it to shrink into tight contact with and thereby shape the sausage meat filling. The sausage so stuffed was then passed for further cooking and curing treatments in accordance with usual practices.

If desired, the tubing as it enters'the drier housing It may be subjected to a higher tern perature than the remainder of the tubing by placing a suitable baflle wall within the housing chamber to divide the chamber into two parts will expand to its fullest extent very rapidly.

After leaving the hotter zo e and passing into the cooler zone, the tubing w be drier and will contract to an appreciable extent even though the air pressure within the tubing at this time is the same as the air pressure within the tubing over the area of greater expansion.

Instead of expanding the tubing to the predetermined diameter and drying it simultaneously, the tubing may, if desired, be expanded previously and then dried while maintained in an inflated condition. An apparatus for carrying out this modification of the process is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 2. The wet tubing 8, produced as previously described, is passed between two pinch rollers l8-i8 which are the same as or similar to the pinch rollers 5-8 illustrated in Fig. 1 and are provided with the same or similar types of pressure exerting apparatus to urge the pinch rolls l8-l8 together arid are also provided with a suitable separating mechanism. From the pinch rollers Iii-l8 the tubing is passed between a second pair of pinch rollers 20-20 which are substantially identical with pinch rollers |8l8. The pairs of pinch rollers I 8-l8 and 20-20 are positively driven from any desired prime mover but preferably are driven through a suitable change-speed mechanism so as to drive the rollers "-18 at a difierent peripheral speed from the rollers 2020 if desired. For example, it will usually be necessary to drive the rollers lkil. at a greater peripheral speed, for example 5 to 15 The tubing is expanded between the rollers g l0-l0 and 20-20 to a diameter predetermined as previously described as shown at 22 by means of a suitable fluid pressure exerted by a fluid introduced into the tubing between the two sets of rollers in the same manner that the fluid was introduced into the tubing 0 in the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1. The fluid introduced into the tubing to produce the expansion illustrated at 22 may be a liquid such as water or the like, or may be a gas such asair.

. 1 As the tubing 0 leaves the pinch rollers it is passed for a suitable distance, for example 10 to 150 feet, and is then passed between a third pair of positively driven pinch rollers 24-24 which may be identical with pinch rollers 20-20. 20

A suitable gas is introduced into the tubing between the pinch rollers 20-20 and 24-24 in the same manner as previously explainedto expand the tubing as shown at 26. The diameter 20 will usually be made sumciently smaller than the pre- 25 determined diameter 22 of the expanded tubing to produce a dry casing which will swell or expand slightly when placed in a suitable wetting liquid prior to. stufling. The diameter 20 of the tubing.

during drying may be varied as desired, however,

so as to produce a. casing which shrinks in water.

A housing 20 is disposed around the tubing between the rollers 20-20 and 24-24 and is supplied with a suitable heated drying fluid such as hot air through a conduit 30-. The drying fluidas isv exhausted to the atmosphere or returned for reheating by a suitable conduit 02. The housing 20 may extend over and include as much or the tubing between the rollers l0-l0 and 20-20 as desired or may be restricted 'to thatportion o! 40 the expanded tubing between the rollers 20-20 and 24-.

,When the dry tubing leaves the rollers 24-24, it may be reeled, cut, printed and otherwise treated in the .same manner as previously described and the finished casing may stuiled as previously described.

, When tubing is dried while maintained in an expanded and therefore stretched .condition the stresses set up in the dry tubing may be prematurely relieved and cause the tubing to undergo some distortion during storage or transportation due to an unusual increase in the amount of moisture contained in the air. This condition can be controlled and substantially eliminated by properly controlling the amount of plasticizer absorbed by the tubing. For example, when tubing is to be used in a very damp climate the amount of plasticizer applied should be materially re-.

duced so as to prevent the tubing from regaining so a substantial amount of moisture from the atmosphere and thereby becoming distorted.

The tubing may also be prevented from shrinking and thereby becoming distorted by maintaining it in a conditioned atmosphere in which as the humidity is maintained sufllciently low to prevent regain of moisture by the tubing.

Another way of overcoming distortiondue to the gaining of moisture from the atmosphere is to humidity the tubing and permit it to shrink during the drying process. An apparatus capable of carrying out this modification of the process of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein the three pairs of pinch rollers "-00, 00-00 and 02-02 may be identical with 70 10 or substantially similar to the pinch rollers previously described The tubing 0, iormed as previousiy described, is passed between the pinch rollers'00-00 and is then passed between a pair 01' pinch rollers 00-00 which may be spaced any desired distance, for example from 10 to test from the pinch rollers "-00. Between these pairs of pinch rollers the tubing is expanded by a suitable gaseous fluid to a predetermined diameter 04 as previously described, and in the samemanner.

From the pinch rollers 00-00 the tubing is passed between a third pair or pinch rollers 02-02 which may be located-at any desired dis- 5 tapes for example, 10 to 50 feet from the pinch rollers "-00. A housing 00 is positioned around the casing between the pinch rollers 00-00 and 02-02. The housing is divided into three ch'am bers, 00, I0 and 12 by means oi. two bailie walls 14 and 10. The chamber 60 is supplied with a suitable heating fluid for example hot air, by means or a conduit 10 and the heating fluid is e'xhausted irom the chamber 00 by a suitable conduit 00. The majority oi the moisture in the-wet tubing 0 is removed while it is expanded as illusgreatal at by the heating fluid within the sham As the tubing passes through the chamber 10. it is partially rehumidifled by means of a vapor, for example steam, passed into the chamber 10 by a conduit 02 and exhausted therefrom by means of a conduit 04. The tubing between the pinch rollers 00-00 and 02-02 is expanded by a suitable gas such as air under a-lower pressure than the gas which expanded the tubing between the pinch rollers 00-50 and 00-00. This enables" the tubing to contract within the chamber I0 as it is rehumidifled so as to relieve the stresses set up in the tubing by drying while expanded in the chamber 00.

From the chamber I0 the expanded tubing passes into a chamber 12 where it is again dried by means of a dry heated fluid, for example dry hot air is passed into the chamber I2 by a conduit 00 and exhausted from the chamber 12 by a conduit a. The tubing 1 thereby dried in the chamber "to the desired moisture content.

The dried tubing passing from between the pinch rollers 02-62 may be cut, printed and otherwise treated as previously described. The tubing so formed is stufled by rewetting and stufllng while expanding the tubing the small amount only required to expand it from the re- ,wet size to the stufled size, all as previously explained.

If desired, the tubing expanded by the use of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3 may be printed before being rehumidifled so that the tubing will be printed at a time when it is of a size close-to the flnal stufled size and thereby avoid all distortion. The printed tubing may then be rehumidifiedv and dried while expanded. Even when the tubing is not printed until after it leaves the pinch rollers 02-02, the amount of distortion of the printing is held at a minimum since the dry size of the tubing produced in this manner is not greatly different from the restuiled size. That is, the amount 01! distortion which the printing undergoes while expanding from the dried size to the stuiled size is not sufficient to be noticeable to an undesirable extent.

One of the outstanding contributions to the art oilered by the casing of the present invention is the freedom or the casing from failures during", stufllng. In this invention the casings are preier- T;

1 ably expanded in the wet state well beyond the adiameter to which they will be later expanded merly occurred due to the casing failures.

The casing may be expanded and otherwise treated in accordance with the present invention while traveling in a vertical direction or at any desired angle to the vertical if desired. The tubing has been illustrated as traveling in a horizontal direction merely for the sake of convenience.

The casing of the present invention expands -the small amount required during'stuillng under a low pressure and for this reason, the casing wall near the ends ofthe casing expands abruptly from the tied portion instead of gradually, as was the case heretofore, and in this manner forms a square ended stuifed product which is much desired by merchants and'customers. The casing of the present invention also simplifies stufll'ng operations to a point where a relatively unskilled operator may be usedz'which of course, further reduces the expense of producing. stuil'ed food products. Also, the square end of the stufled food product reduces loss during slicing because the size of the butt end frequently cut oil. and discarded is reduced. Furthermore, the preexpanded casing of the present invention has a relatively thin wall which causes the casing be soft and thereby capable of being tied rapidly and neatly.

The expression pre-expanded casing" or "preexpanded tubing as used in the appended claims is intended to designate a casing or tubing which has been expanded after denitration or regeneration and while in a wet state to a diameter at least equal to or greater than the diameter to which the casing will be expanded during stuifn The casing of the invention may be used for all varieties of stufled products and while particular reference has been made to its use as a casing for sausage, it may also be studied with other food products such as ham butts, boned meat, fowl, cheese, ice cream and the like, and with products which are not foods such, for example, as lubricating grease, snufi, and paste of all kinds.

This application is a division of my copending application Serial No. 399,560 filed June 24, 1941, now Patent No. 2,401,798.

Since certain changes in carrying out the above process and certain modifications in the article which embodies the invention may be made without departing from its scope, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description orshown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having described myinvention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. As an article of manufacture, an empty casing for stuffed products of predetermined diameter, said casing comprising a dry seamless tubing, Dre-stretched to a diameter atleast equal to said predetermined diameter, of a film-forming organic plastic material having a diameter at least equfi to, predetermined diameter but not greater thair the maximum diameter to which it was pre-stretched and having the property of shrinking when ,wet with water to a diameter less than said predetermined diameter.

2. An articleiin accordance with claim 1 in which the plastic material is cellulosic.

3. An article accordance with claim 1 in which the plastidmaterial is regenerated cellulose.

4. As an article of manufacture, an empty casing for stuffed products of predetermined diameter, said casing comprising a dry seamless tubing, pre-stretched to a diameter greater than said predetermined diameter. of a film-forming organic plastic material having a diameter greater than said predetermined diameter but not greater than the maximum diameter to which it was prestretched and having the property of shrinking when wet with water to a diameter less than said predetermined diameter.

5. An article in accordance with claim 4 ml/ which the plastic material is cellulosic. ,2

6. An article in accordance with claim 4 in which the plastic material is regenerated cellulose.

7. As an article of manufacture, an empty casing for stuffed products of predetermined diameter, said casing comprising a dry seamless tubing, pre-stretched to a diameter 5 to 40% greater than said predetermined diameter, of a film forming organic plastic material having a diameter at least equal to said predetermined diameter but not greater than the maximum diam ter to which it was pre-stretched and having tiigproperty of shrinking when wet witlr water t W a diameter less than .said predetermined diameter.

8. An' article in accordance with claim 7 in w oh the plastic material isaregenerated cellulose. I

9. As an article of manufacture, an empty casin for stufled products of predetermined diameter said casing comprising a dry seamless tubing, -'pre-stretched to a diameter 5 to 40% greater than said predetermined diameter. of a film-forming organic plastic material having a diameter greater than said predetermined diameter but not greater than the maximum diameter to which it was pre-stretched and having the property of shrinking when wet with water to a diameter less" than said predetermined diameter.

10. An article in accordance with claim 9 in which the plastic material is regenerated cellulose. =5

11. As an article of manufacture, an empty casing for stuffed products of predetermined diameter, said casing comprising a dry seamless tubing, pre-stretched to a diameter 5 to 40% greater than said predetermined diameter, of a film-forming organic plastic material having a diameter of at least equal to said predetermined diameter but not greater than the maximum diameter to which it was pre-stretched and having the property of shrinking when wet with water to a diameter lass than said predetermined diameter, said predetermined diameter being 8 to 25% greater than the diameter to which the dry tubing shrinks when wet.

12. An article in accordance with claim 11 in rhich the plastic material is regenerated celluose.

13. As an article of manufacture, an empty casing for stufled products of predetermined diameter, said casing comprising a dry seamless tubing, pre-stretched to a diameter 5 to 40% greaterthan said predetermined diameter, of a film-forming organic plastic material having a diameter greater than said predetermined diameter but not greater than the maximum diameter to which it was pre-stretched and having the property of shrinking when wet with water to a diameter less than said predetermined diameter, said predetermined diameter being 8 to 10 25% greater than the diameter to which the dry tubing shrinks when wet.

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,176,925 Reichel et al. Oct. 24, 1939 2,401,773 Reichel et a1 June 11, 1946 2,401,798 Reichel June 11, 1946 

